Bhagavad-gita Chapter-2 Lord Sri Krishna begins speaking Bhagavad-gita

Bhagavad-gita Chapter-2 is a summary of the gita itself. After presenting the condition of living beings - both good and bad - in Chapter-1, Lord Sri Krishna reveals the essence of Bhagavad-gita in Chapter-2.

uväca madhusudanah - Lord Madhusudana or Lord Krishna begins speaking Bhagavad-gita … BG 2.1
sri-bhagavän uväca – The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Sri Krishna said … BG 2.2

Lord Krishna and the Supreme Personality of Godhead are identical. Therefore Lord Krishna is referred to as Bhagavan throughout the Gita. Bhagavan is the ultimate in the Absolute Truth. Absolute Truth is realized in three phases of understanding as explained by Srimad Bhagavatam, namely - Brahman or the impersonal all pervasive spirit, Paramatma or the localized aspect of the Supreme within the heart of all living entities, and Bhagavan or the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Krsna.

The three divine aspects of Sri Bhagavan can be explained by the example of the sun, which also has three different aspects, namely - the sunshine, the sun’s surface and the sun planet itself.

One who studies the sunshine only is the preliminary student. Ordinary students who are satisfied by simply understanding the sunshine – its universal pervasiveness and the glaring effulgence of its impersonal nature – may be compared to those who realize only the Brahman feature of the Absolute Truth. This is the realization of brahmajyoti or effulgence emanating from the Lord.

One who understands the sun’s surface is further advanced. The student who has advanced still further can know the sun disc, which is compared to knowledge of the Paramatma feature of the Absolute Truth. This is the realization of Supersoul in the heart and the all-pervasiveness of the Lord in all living and non-living entities.

One who can enter into the sun planet is the highest. Such student who can enter into the heart of the sun planet is compared to those who realize the personal features of the Supreme Absolute Truth. This is the realization of the relationship with the Lord as His servant, friend, parent or paramour.

The sunshine, the sun disc and the inner affairs of the sun planet cannot be separated from one another, and yet the students of the three different phases are not in the same category. Therefore, the bhakta or the transcendentalist who has realized the Bhagavan feature of the Absolute Truth is the topmost.